Kallmann syndrome (KS)

A 40-year-old man presented to a hospital with psychological issues related to his micropenis, lack of sexual function, and low self-esteem. His physical examination revealed gynecomastia, absence of facial and axillary hair, sparse pubic hair, micropenis, right undescended testicle, and underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics. Additionally, he had anosmia and a high-pitched voice. His hormonal analysis indicated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and genetic testing confirmed a normal male karyotype. Scrotal ultrasonography showed that he had small testes with a right undescended testicle. His brain MRI scan showed pituitary gland hypoplasia and an absent olfactory bulb, consistent with Kallmann syndrome (Figures A and B). The patient underwent orchidopexy dextra, and hormone replacement therapy was planned. Psychological care was also emphasized as an important component of the treatment plan.