Metabolic Syndrome

A 38-year-old construction company manager presented with mild stage 1 hypertension and a history of unhealthy lifestyle choices. He reported long and irregular work hours and often relied on fast food takeaways due to exhaustion. In addition, he was a smoker, consuming 15 to 20 cigarettes per day, and occasionally drank alcohol at weekend parties. The patient had a body mass index of 29 kg/m2 with a waist circumference of 42.5 inches (108 cm). Laboratory results showed elevated plasma triglyceride levels at 281 mg/dL (3.19 mmol/L), low HDL cholesterol at 35 mg/dL (0.9 mmol/L), calculated LDL cholesterol at 135 mg/dL (3.5 mmol/L), total cholesterol at 175 m/dL (4.5 mmol/L), and fasting plasma glucose at 101 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L).