Blood loss from epistaxis

A male patient, 52 years old, has a history of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT). The patient was admitted to the hospital for treatment of his epistaxis and its after-effects after a significant volume of blood loss from epistaxis. The patient's peak temperature was recorded at 38.0 °C (peak at 39.4 °C) upon admission to the hospital. Other vital signs at this time included the patient's heart rate at 118 beats per minute, blood pressure at 119/64 mm Hg, respiratory rate at 24 breaths per minute, and a pulse oximeter reading of 99 % on room air. Given the increase in COVID-19 cases in the area, the patient underwent a PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, revealing the virus's presence. The patient's haemoglobin was 3.8 g/dL at the initial laboratory assessment, and the epistaxis severity score (HHT-ESS) was 9.49. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the patient's chest with intravenous contrast revealed ground glass opacification of the right lower lobe (Fig.) The patient's epistaxis from his HHT led to a severe iron deficiency anaemia diagnosis.