Nipah Virus

Nipah virus (NiV) is an enveloped paramyxovirus with a non-segmented RNA genome. NiV has unique features, such as reticular cytoplasmic inclusions and larger size. Clinical features include fever, encephalitis, and respiratory symptoms. Hematological abnormalities and liver enzyme elevation are common. NiV diagnosis involves virus isolation, RT PCR, and serological tests during acute and convalescent phases. Advanced MRI can aid in early detection. Differential diagnoses include Japanese encephalitis, measles, rabies, and others. Mortality rates range from 40% to 100%, with poor prognostic factors identified. Case fatality rates range from 40% to 100%, with poor prognostic factors identified. Healthcare worker protection is crucial, with standard precautions and PPE recommended. Hand hygiene and proper PPE use are essential for preventing spread.