Advances in the clinical management of uveal melanoma

Although almost all patients with uveal melanoma have localized disease at diagnosis, and despite effective treatment of the primary tumour, metastatic recurrence is common and holds a dismal prognosis. Unlike its cutaneous counterpart, therapeutic advances for uveal melanoma have not been forthcoming, although the recent approval of the first systemic therapy for this disease has ushered in a new era of hope. This Review summarizes the biology of uveal melanoma and the management of primary disease, including molecular risk classification, adjuvant therapy and follow-up strategies. The discussion is then focused on the established and emerging regional and systemic treatments for metastatic uveal melanoma.