Air Pollution, Built Environment, and Early Cardiovascular Disease

As the world’s population becomes increasingly urbanized, there is growing concern about the impact of urban environments on cardiovascular health. Urban residents are exposed to various adverse environmental exposures, including air pollution, built environment, and lack of green space, which may contribute to early cardiovascular disease and related risk factors. This review provides a brief overview of studies that have examined the impact of the environment, including the built physical environment, discusses current challenges in the field, and suggests potential directions for future research. Additionally, this study highlights the clinical implications of these findings and proposes multilevel interventions to promote cardiovascular health among children and young adults.