Iron deficiency in heart failure: screening, prevalence, incidence and outcome

Iron deficiency (ID) is common in heart failure (HF) and is linked with poor prognosis regardless of anaemia. This study assessed temporal trends in ID testing, ID prevalence, ID incidence, iron need, and outcomes associated with the ID in HF across the ejection fraction (EF) spectrum. ID screening improved over time but is still limitedly implemented, despite being highly prevalent and incident, and independently associated with CV death or repeated HF hospitalizations regardless of EF. In addition, most patients with ID had an iron need necessitating either repeated administrations of intravenous iron or a preparation permitting >1000 mg doses. These data highlight the need for improved screening for ID in HF.