Managing Complications in Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation Approaches.

Sinus membrane perforation is the most common complication in both maxillary sinus floor elevation approaches, with the lateral approach exhibiting a perforation rate of 15.7%–23.1%, while the transrectal approach had a lower perforation rate of 3.1%–6.4%. However, perforations in the transrectal approach are harder to detect and manage due to their blind nature. Anatomical factors, such as sinus width and buccal wall thickness, may affect the choice of approach. The transrectal approach also carries a higher risk of infectious complications due to undetected perforations. Vascular damage is a risk specific to the lateral approach, but it can be minimized by dissecting the alveolo-antral artery. Prevention involves careful anatomical analysis, mastery of surgical techniques, and collaboration with ENT specialists.