New Insights into Managing Macrophage Activation Syndrome

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is characterized by immune hyperactivation leading to potentially life-threatening multisystem organ dysfunction, often referred to as a "cytokine storm." While MAS is primarily associated with Still's disease, it can also manifest in conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Kawasaki disease, infections, malignancies, and inborn errors of immunity. This review serves as a practical, evidence-based resource detailing the understanding, recognition, and management of MAS in both pediatric and adult populations, with an emphasis on its occurrence in Still's disease. The goal is to enhance awareness and guide clinical practice in addressing this critical condition.