Family process and young children’s social adaptation: conditional process analyses across child-care experiences

The present study examined how family environment, parent–grandparent co-parenting, effortful control, and early child-care experiences influenced young children’s social adaptation in the Chinese context. A sample of 315 mothers of 2–3-year-olds in Beijing, China, completed questionnaires to report children’s temperament, family process, and social adaptation. Findings point to the importance of understanding the role of the family process and children’s effortful control in the early development of social adaptation.