Helicobacter pylori infection and rheumatoid arthritis as risk enhancers' factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases

This retrospective study evaluated the impact of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection on atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (aCVD). The study found higher frequencies of long-lasting H. pylori infection (LLHp) and RA in aCVD cases. Adjusted odds ratios increased significantly for LLHp (1.57) and RA (2.63), with an additive effect in RA patients with LLHp (7.89).