ENDO-DIABETOLOGY

UAE study of 440,590 adults reveals 63.4% with overweight or obesity. Ethnicity-specific criteria uncover higher true prevalence, urging tailored clinical obesity diagnostics.

Largest UAE Study Redefines Obesity Using Ethnic Criteria

In this cross-sectional study of 440,590 adults attending Dubai Academic Health Corporation (2018–2023), 63.4% had overweight or obesity (OAO). Rates were higher among UAE nationals (68.3%) and females (30.4% vs 25.9%). Using ethnicity-specific thresholds raised obesity prevalence from 28.0% to 35.8%. New clinical obesity criteria revealed organ dysfunction in a third of those with BMI ≥40.

Two-stage tracheal reconstruction achieved high decannulation and favorable functional outcomes in thyroid cancer with tracheal invasion.

Two-Stage Tracheal Reconstruction in Thyroid Cancer

A study of 74 patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma and tracheal invasion evaluated two-stage reconstruction using free and pedicled flaps. The overall endotracheal tube removal rate was 95.9%, with comparable functional recovery across reconstruction techniques. The 3-year survival rate was 78.4%, with no significant differences between groups.

PEDIATRICS

Sensitive fathering during infancy was associated with better cognitive outcomes at age 5 in preterm and term children.

Paternal Sensitivity and Cognitive Outcomes in Preterm Children

A pooled analysis of 207 children from prospective cohorts in Australia and Israel found that higher paternal sensitivity during father–child interactions at 6–12 months was associated with better cognitive performance at age 5. The association was observed in both preterm and term children, while paternal sensitivity was not linked to later behavioral problems.

UROLOGY

Multimodal ultrasound revealed distinctive vascular features of a testicular Leydig cell tumor confirmed by histopathology.

Multimodal Ultrasound Features of Testicular Leydig Cell Tumor

A case report of a pathologically confirmed testicular Leydig cell tumor highlights the potential value of multimodal ultrasound for tumor characterization. Two-dimensional ultrasound, color Doppler, elastography, and microvascular flow imaging were used, with microvascular imaging demonstrating distinctive peripheral annular vascularity and intralesional blood flow. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis.

GYNAECOLOGY - IVF

A prevalence threshold identified a small, high-risk group for preterm birth in a national U.S. pregnancy cohort.

Prevalence Threshold for Preterm Birth Risk in U.S. Pregnancies

An analysis of 3,004,719 U.S. singleton pregnancies found that higher predicted-risk cutoffs identified progressively smaller groups with greater observed preterm birth rates. A formally derived prevalence threshold of 34.4% identified 0.71% of pregnancies, among whom the observed preterm birth rate was 38.1%. The threshold provides an evidentiary landmark rather than a treatment or screening recommendation.

A study of 600 fetuses provides normative ultrasound measurements and morphology data for the fetal CSP.

Normative Fetal Cavum Septum Pellucidum Ultrasound Measurements

A prospective study of 600 structurally normal singleton fetuses established ultrasound reference measurements for the cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) between 19 and 40 weeks of gestation. CSP visualization was achieved in 92% of fetuses, with a mean length of 8.27 mm and width of 6.60 mm. Rectangular morphology was predominant, occurring in 71.7% of cases.

AMH partially recovered within six months after chemotherapy for high-risk GTN, with 73.5% reaching ≥1.0 ng/mL.

AMH Recovery After Chemotherapy for High-Risk Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia

A retrospective study of 68 patients with high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) found profound but partially reversible suppression of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) during multiagent chemotherapy. By 6 months after treatment, 73.5% of patients recovered to AMH ≥1.0 ng/mL. FAEV showed less acute ovarian reserve suppression than EMA/CO, while 71.4% of actively attempting patients achieved at least one live birth.

A deep learning tool estimated cervical visualization during colposcopy, showing strong correlation with expert clinician assessment.

AI-Based Cervical Visualization Assessment During Colposcopy

A deep learning–based algorithm was developed to automatically estimate the percentage of the cervix visualized during colposcopy. Tested on images from 110 patients, the hybrid model combining grid, pixel, and convex-hull methods showed the strongest agreement with expert assessments, achieving a Pearson correlation of 0.7231 and closely matching expert visualization scores of approximately 85%–90%.

Trismus affected 35% of head and neck cancer patients 10 years after radiotherapy, with persistent quality-of-life impairment.

Long-Term Trismus and Quality of Life After Head and Neck Radiotherapy

A prospective study following 211 patients with head and neck cancer for up to 10 years after radiotherapy found that trismus remained common, affecting 35% of patients at 10 years. Several quality-of-life domains also deteriorated compared with baseline, while most scores remained stable between 5 and 10 years, highlighting the long-term burden of radiation-associated trismus.

CRITICAL CARE

Hypoxic hepatitis affected 8.3% of ICU patients and was associated with 64% mortality and nearly threefold higher mortality risk.

Hypoxic Hepatitis in Critically Ill Patients: Incidence and Mortality

A systematic review and meta-analysis of 25 studies involving 150,928 critically ill patients found that hypoxic hepatitis occurred in 8.3% of ICU patients and was associated with substantial mortality. All-cause mortality reached 64.0%, while patients with hypoxic hepatitis had nearly three times the mortality risk of those without it. Cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, and sepsis were leading triggers.

CARDIOLOGY

TTE was independently associated with survival in diabetic patients with heart failure or cardiomyopathy in a MIMIC-IV analysis.

Transthoracic Echocardiography and Survival in Diabetic Cardiovascular Patients

An analysis of 5,553 diabetic patients without complications from the MIMIC-IV database evaluated the association between transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and clinical outcomes. TTE was independently associated with survival among patients with heart failure or cardiomyopathy. Kaplan–Meier and restricted mean survival analyses also indicated longer survival and event-free survival in patients who underwent TTE.

Peripheral placental stiffness on shear wave elastography may help predict adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Placental Shear Wave Elastography for Predicting Pregnancy Complications

A prospective study of 134 pregnant women assessed placental elasticity and first-trimester hormonal markers for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes. Peripheral placental stiffness was significantly higher in women who developed complications and showed 85.1% sensitivity for identifying risk at a cutoff of 2.9 kPa. PAPP-A and free β-hCG were not significantly associated with adverse outcomes.

CEUS was well tolerated in 447 children, with only 1.6% experiencing mild, transient adverse events and no serious reactions.

Safety of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Pediatric Patients

A retrospective single-center study of 447 pediatric patients evaluated the safety of sulfur hexafluoride microbubble contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Using weight-based SonoVue dosing, adverse events occurred in 1.6% of patients, with all seven events being mild and transient. No serious adverse events, including anaphylactic shock or laryngeal edema, were reported.

OPHTHALMOLOGY

MI-SIGHT 2 will compare telemedicine-based and standard eye screening for glaucoma and other eye diseases in 900 adults.

MI-SIGHT 2 Trial: Telemedicine Screening for Glaucoma and Eye Disease

The MI-SIGHT 2 pragmatic randomized controlled trial will compare technology-based telemedicine screening with standard optometric examinations for detecting eye disease in 900 adults at a Federally Qualified Health Center. The program uses autorefraction, pachymetry, OCT, and ocular photography to identify glaucoma, cataract, and diabetic retinopathy while supporting follow-up care.

PSYCHIATRY

Longitudinal findings suggest overprotective parenting may contribute to increasing problem behaviors during adolescence.

Overprotective Parenting and Adolescent Problem Behaviors

A two-wave longitudinal study of 588 adolescents examined the bidirectional relationship between overprotective parenting and adolescent problem behaviors over a two-year period. Using reports from adolescents, parents, and teachers, the study found stronger evidence that overprotective parenting was associated with subsequent increases in internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors than for the reverse direction.

Teacher–student relationships may partly explain links between children's genetic propensity and educational performance.

Genetics, Teacher Relationships and Educational Performance in Children

A longitudinal study of 63,032 children from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study found that higher genetic propensity for educational attainment was associated with less student–teacher conflict and more positive teacher responses at age 5. These teacher–student relationship factors partially mediated associations between genetic propensity and reading and math performance at ages 6–8.

UAE Study Reveals Underes...

UAE Study Reveals Underestimated Obesity Rates by Ethnicity